Description

Microfilm No. 60

Hallam Tennyson. Diaries and notebooks; papers relating to social work and the work of the Friends’ Service Unit in rural areas.

Given by Mr. Hallam Tennyson

Bengal, Bihar, Bombay, Sikkim, Assam: 1946-1948

1.   Three diaries/notebooks for the years 1946-48: Hallam Tennyson, written for his parents:

• Detailed diary – 28 February-21 June, 1946.
• Detailed diary of the events from 23 June-29 August, 1946.
• Notes and draft for novel.
• Detailed diary: 11 February-3 March, 1948, and 8 April-10 May, 1948.
• Other miscellaneous notes of a later date.

2.   Papers written by Hallam and Margot Tennyson from India 1946-48.

• TS Concentrated Project of the Friends Service Unit in the Basirhat Sub-Division. (Emendations on Programme I, September 1946, in the light of 4 months’ work on the Scheme). January 1947.
• Outline of a social service scheme in two villages in a sub-division. 4pp.
• Printed analysis sheet (blank) for family case work in social survey.
• TS copy of Minutes of the Pipha-Raghabpur Staff Meeting held on 10.3.47.
• Reports of the various social workers, showing reaction to the workers’ enquiries and suggestions.
• TS copy of letter from Margot Tennyson – I June 1947 – to Colin Bell of Far Eastern Desk, American Friends Service Committee, Philadelphia, in reply to his ‘Thoughts on the future of the Far East Programme’. The letter sets out the specifically Indian problems in relation to the Friends’ social service programmes, and the Unit in Calcutta. 3pp.
• TS copy of Round Robin letter No. 1 from Margot Tennyson (29 June 1947) at Raghabpur village centre, about her life and work there. 4pp.
• TS copy of Raghabpur Community Centre plan written about 8 months’ work. Aims: Practical implications: education, etc. by Margot Tennyson, 1 July 1947. 4pp.
• Cyclostyled TS copy of Pipha/Raghabpur Village Centre, Bulletin No.2 August 1947. Covering all aspects of aims and work of the Centre. 10pp. and map.
• TS copy of First Draft of the book, Social and Economic Survey of 3 Bengal Villages, by Margot Tennyson. 4pp.
• TS article by Hallam Tennyson: Ramakrishna and Vivekananda through Western Eyes. 4pp.
• MS of short story. Revolutionaries, by Hallam Tennyson. 20pp.

3.   Letters from Hallam and Margot Tennyson to his parents when they went to India in 1946 and worked with the Friends Service Unit, until the end of 1947, and up to their departure early in 1948.

[N.B. The letters are in chronological order within the year of their writing but they were microfilmed in reverse order by year i.e. when viewing the microfilm, 1948 appears first (Jan. to Dec.), followed by 1947, then 1946 and finally 1945. They are listed here in the order in which they appear on the microfilm.]

1948

• Undated Part of a letter written on the voyage home.
• 6 January Description of visiting various Indian friends, and also films. Farewells. Last minute arrangements.
• 10 January Leaving Calcutta. Describes Gaya, its architecture and atmosphere.
• 11 January Written from Gaya, U.P. More about farewell. Sees Ganguly’s collection of Rajput paintings. Description of the temple at Gaya.
• 15 January From Benares. Description of the city. Crafts.
• 21 January On way to Bombay. Description of Sanchi – to Malad near Bombay again. Trains difficult because of disturbances. Has written report on Indian Pacifist Conference.
• 21 January Written at Sanchi Railway Station. Vivid description of Benares – pictorially and atmospherically. Remarks on Quaker missions and principles.
• 25 January Description of living in Bombay – Pacifist Congress and members. Some members perturbed at Indian government’s policy regarding pacifism, Gandhi only a figure-head. Description of difficult railway journey.
• 26 January Personal.
• 29 January Resting. Beginning religious studies. A P.S. about the news of Gandhi’s assassination.
• 31 January About Gandhi’s death and what it means personally and to India. Reading Vaishnavite theology / 1 February at same time as New Testament. Remarks on the two works and on their religious attitudes.
• 5 February About religious studies and quiet life they are leading.
• 8 February Account of Sarojini Naidu’s speech on Gandhi’s death. Explanation of the Vaishnavite beliefs and other theology
• 14 February Explanation of basic tenets of Hindu faith. Contrasts with Christianity. Studying Tantric mysticism.
• 14 February Daily life: description of countryside; burial of Gandhi’s ashes. Note on the Bhagavad-Gita.
• 20 February Personal. Meets Mr. H.L. Wadia, the theosophist.
• 23 February Description of Bombay and surrounding countryside and coast. Comments on theosophy. Daily routine and personal spiritual life. Studying Shakti cult.
• 28 February Account of quiet meditative life. Hear of their village in Bengal.
• 29 February Margot not well. They will return early. Personal. Comments on India as a ‘democracy’.
• 8 March Arrangements for leaving.
• 10 March Personal, before sailing on the ‘Atlantis’.

1947

• 6 January Policy committee meetings. Measuring land in village. Difficulties in organization.
• 11 January Difficulties in Unit. Beginning to build village. Has trained village worker, and taking trainee medical student. Plans for touring South – Hallam to visit Gandhi.
• 19 January Building of quarters and dispensary in full swing.
• 24 January Work progressing in village. Staying with Muslim family: their kindness.
• 31 January Hallam visiting Calcutta. Visits various work of the units, especially a fishing cooperative. Saraswati puja described. Trying to improve living quarters of staff, and make staff conscious of keeping things tidier and cleaner. Started survey of Raghabpur.
• 3 February Has visited Ramakrishna Mission again, and attends celebration for Romain Rolland’s 80th birthday. Dr. Kalidas Nag there – describes meeting with him. Very successful poetry meeting – Malayalam recited et al.
• 6 February Living in small room in the Muslim household. Personal. At Raghabpur.
• 10 February About the village. Type of helpers. Discussion on purdah and what it means. Villagers and ‘happiness’. Work of the Unit. Meetings with fishing cooperatives.
• 13 February Changes in Unit. Many things to do in the village centre before going on leave.
• 14 February (To Miss Cornelia Curle) Describes work of village centre. Describes what they would have liked to have done. Difference between English and Indian feminists. Still ill, and Margot has malaria.
• 17 February Personal.
• 25 February Personal.
• 5 March Both convalescing. Going on holiday to the hills. Mentions young artist, Amrita Sher Gil.
• 2 March Still ill. Plans fluid. Personal.
• 9 March Plans for going to Kalimpong for holiday. Personal.
• 13 March Planning village survey News of village and the kindness and cooperation there.
• 18 March Description of journey from Calcutta to Kalimpong hotel. Cold. Go hunting for bargains in bazaar. Very good description of scenery and town. 2pp.
• 20 March On holiday. Working on her book. Infant mortality rates. In Kalimpong. Describes proprietor of hotel.
• 23 March Personal. Still in hotel. Describes the Scots/Tibetan/Sikkim father of the proprietor – collection of Tibetan paintings. A lama dances for them. Detailed description.
• 25 March To forest bungalow.
• 28 March In forest bungalow 6,300 feet up. Friendliness of hill people. Description of country.
• 2 April Description of quiet daily life.
• 4 April Entirely personal about his brother with TS copy.
• 6 April Personal. Copy of telegram to Sir Charles Tennyson.
• Date Indecipherable Just leaving Gangtok where they had stayed in Residency guest house. (Hopkinson the Resident). They are left alone. Description of beauty of Sikkhim.
• 13 April Describes trip to Gangtok to stay at Residency, the country and people. In Calcutta organising first Shakespeare performance on radio to be given by Indian actors.
• 16 April. In. the village again. Establishing the women social workers from the Gandhi Kasturbha Trust. A lot of work in village to do.
• 20 April Describes work to be done in Calcutta and Shakespeare rehearsals. Personalities of actors.
• 24 April Visiting evening classes and description of folk-play. In village. Shakespeare performance goes well.
• 26 April Difficulties in getting anything done for building in Calcutta. Afraid for Partition in Bengal and repercussions. Repercussions of Shakespeare performance on radio. Poetry reading very successful Comment on Bengali poetry.
• 4 May Working with two women social workers in fishermen’s quarters. Digging latrines and encouraging spinning. Unrest beginning to filter through to villages.
• 4 May Comments on ‘Indianisation’. Different views on proper work of the Unit. Comment on Gandhian economics.
• 9 May Conference for field-workers. Reaction of village to cholera injections. Gradual increase of work in villages – agricultural etc.
• 12 May Plans for adult education in village. Description of conference. Importance of literary contacts.
• 14 May Attitude towards the Unit, and Unit and village work.
• 21 May Two performances by Jossimoddin the Muslim poet and his troupe.
• 25 May More on work of Unit. Comments on the tension in India at the time. Have had performance of song and dance by Bengali folk troupe. Rains bring work to an end. Trying to link adult literary classes to cooperation, health, etc. Another successful poetry reading.
• 28 May Asked to sit on Committee for an All-Indian Conference on Pacifists. In country, working on scheme to use all waste grounds near the house for gardens, to grow more food for poor. Have made beginnings – slow work.
• 3 June Personal.
• 8 June Future plans for living in religious atmosphere for remaining months after contract. Fears for their villages if Partition comes owing to critical position. Comments on whole idea.
• 12 June Personal.
• 13 June Making some slow progress in village work. Trouble in fishing cooperatives.
• 15 June News from the villages – Fishing cooperative. Comments on Unit. Poetry society flourishing.
• 19 June Adult education and aboriginals. Starting dispensary. Giving film show.
• 22 June Realise they can just begin social work with experience they have. Fears for future if idea of Pakistan comes into being as Government will not be interested in the road, etc. They are on the borderland. Difficulties in getting village committees because of agricultural commitments.
• 28 June Describes her method of teaching in the community and in village work. Daily routine in running the village. Schools, etc. Community life. Describes Gandhian approach to social welfare.
• 30 June Feels alienation with British attitudes and life in India. Planning more Shakespeare for All India Radio. Poetry Society.
• 1 July Continuing social work. Teaching children crafts. Child marriages.
• 8 July Unit difficulties. Medical centre opens as cooperative. Calcutta at bursting point. Meets artist. Poetry society founded.
• 13 July Personal.
• 19 July No need for worry over them in Calcutta. Domestic notes. Very interested in pottery.
• 20 July Feels now completely at home in village life. Description of wedding, particularly sensitive from bride’s viewpoint. Feels able to do far more for village now. Cooperative starting well in Pipha.
• 22 July Describes a mela.
• 24 July Learnt village technique of painting pots. Plans for community centre. Some trouble, rioting and stabbing in Calcutta. Prices rocketing – Majorie Sykes at the Unit.
• 30 July Commenting on his and Margot’s different adaptability to Bengali life.
• 3 August Painting pots with natural dyes – Visitors. Sees birth with Centre’s midwife. Reaction of village. Unit plans.
• 4 August Results of survey of Raghbapur village beginning to come in. Brief description of groups of people in village, land-tax, etc. The Bunos described. Conference on social work successful.
• 8 August Remarks on midwifery and medical centres in Pipha and Raghbapur – difficulties, and with Bengali women workers.
• 14 August Meets poet. Midwifery section going. Finished Bengali pamphlet. Going on holiday to island in Hooghley – quite deserted.
• 16 August From the island. Independence only from a distance with noises from the shore of rejoicing. Peace on the island.
• 18 August Description of the island. Independence passed quietly. Partition has darkened the joy. But incredible joy everywhere. The credit that is due to Gandhi. Estimation of him politically – comment on Lady Mountbatten.
• 24 August Medical cooperative has 120 members. Sub-centre and midwifery centre and hospital open in Pipha. Starting a village library.
• Intends to go to Bihar to see Basic Education Centre.
• 21 August Short letter accompanying the rules of the Calcutta Poetry Society.
• 24 August Comments on the communal unity in Calcutta on Independence Day and immediately after.
• 29 August Have the bad news from the Punjab – other difficulties.
• 1 September Account of trying to persuade the Radhbapur people to join medical cooperative. Violence has started in Calcutta.
• 5 September Experiences of violence in Calcutta. Effect of Gandhi’s fast felt in three days. More bad news from Punjab. All this makes village work very slow.
• 8 September Depressing rain and the riots. Gandhi and the rioting. Comments on the situation in India.
• 14 September Members of Unit gone to Punjab at Nehru’s invitation Other members living in a badly affected Muslim bustee, doing work of reconciliation.
• 15 September Poetry Society successful. Problems in Unit again. Studying religious singing in village with a Brahmin – very difficult.
• 19 September Appendix operation probable. News of school. Going to Assam for Government festival of Hill Peoples, dances and songs, etc. West Bengal starting basic education.
• 22 September Personal.
• 25 September Still waiting to see whether operation is necessary. Kasturba Gandhi National Memorial Trust want to send more village workers to her village scheme. Serious food situation.
• 28 September Written from Bihar where studying basic education. Describes Patna – Old and New – goes to Brindapan, a division where there are 27 Basic Schools.
• 4 October About health. Plans for proposed religious studies.
• 6 October Margot to have operation. Friendliness of Indians with Europeans who mix naturally with them. Meets Professor Ganguly – art historian.
• 14 October Difficulties over work of medical programme. Comments on Forster’s Passage to India. More about Basic Education Schools.
• 14 October Personal.
• 23 October Personal.
• 22 October Describes his life style in the village. Personal.
• 27 October Margot progressing well. Hallam gives party for Independence to field-workers on the river
• 30 October Personal.
• 2 November Difficulty of being fully absorbed into India. Village plans.
• 5 November Personal.
• 9 November Meets wife of I.A.S. in Assam. Views on British. Charming description of shopping in Calcutta – counterbalanced by description of corruption, unreliability, etc.
• 12 November From Bombay – visit Portuguese fishing village. Description of Diwali in Bombay.
• 17 November Working hard on the hand-over to the couple taking their place. Describes work.
• 21 November Personal. Describes friends’ flat – full of art treasures.
• 24 November Difficulties in the medical centre.
• 28 November In Bombay. Remarks on art.
• 4 December Personal, but about Indian atmosphere and life
• 5 December Fundamental disbelief in work of Unit.
• 11 December Winding up work. Written report on the two surveys. Met the Swamiji of Ramakrishna Ashram in Himalayas where they hope to go.
• 17 December Not going to Himalayas, but to Bombay. Other plans. Trying to finish work before handing over. His own adaptation to Indian life. ‘
• 19 December Personal
• 25 December Very sad farewell to villages
• 26 December Impressed by high-up Indian officials. Entertain Horace Alexander. Describes the sadness of leaving the villages. Details of Staff troubles. Describes Christmas.
• 28 December. Personal.
• 29 December Personal.
• 31 December Personal, about arrangements for leaving Calcutta.

1946

• 6 January Personal.
• n.d. Letter from Hallam to Margot: First day of voyage out with friends. Continued personal. 16pp.
• (Date torn off with stamp, but before Port Said). Friends made on voyage. Segregation of Indians for eating.
• (Date torn off with stamp but after Port Said). Result of protest at discrimination. Nearly at Bombay.
• (Date torn off with stamp, but after arriving in Bombay). On arrival go to Church of Scotland mission. First impressions of Bombay. Description of block of flats near to the mills.
• 28 March Has been on visit to Bombay. Describes visit to temple for first time. Also old city. Congress supporter’s house. To go to a village for language, etc. for three months.
• 30 march Have been at Juhu. About to go to Port Canning. Are going to a school run on Gandhian lines.
• 8 April Difficulty for her in adjusting to Indian village life. They have to make a recommendation to District Officer about recruitment of more labour to build anti-flood dams.
• 13 April About political situation re possible partition. Difficulties of starting work in village. About their life in village and Indian life in general.
• 16 April Has visited a woman living next door. A success, and the consequences with others successful. Traditional way of life and plight of women.
• 19 April Making their first home. Plans for future: want to stay in the village. Visits the Jain temples – comments on architecture. Their daily life in the school and village. Friend who was a monk now student of comparative religion.
• 22 April Visiting houses in the village, talking to women: poverty and illness; friendliness.
• 26 April Working in flooded village. Exclusiveness of Bihari family. Explanation of the worship of Kali.
• 4 May In Calcutta. Attend Tagore dance-drama – very beautiful. Explanation of dances. Notes on Ramakrishna and his followers.
• 18 May Description of typical frustrations taken .calmly. Other festivities attended. Hindu attitudes. Religious revival in Bengal: assessment of Vivekenanda.
• 19 May Daily routine at Canning: Hindu ideas of cleanliness. Work at the Friends’ Service Unit giving Government money to flood victims very wearing. Unfortunate visit to Ramakrishna’s temple. Mentions Cabinet mission and withdrawal of British power.
• 24 May Description of child marriage ceremony, attended.
• 25 May More reflections on distribution of money, description of methods and comments.
• 30 May Future plans discussed.
• 31 May Explanation of Hindu popular cults, and basic tenets.
• 7 June Hallam has been ill. Margot organizes school outing, a description of it and the interest it arouses.
• 9 June Little news. Example of corruption in their work. Go to village festival in honour of goddess of sickness. Hoping to hear Congress has accepted the Cabinet Mission’s proposals.
• 12 June Future work uncertain. Feeling lack of contact with educated Indians. Difficulty in distributing money in monsoon.
• 16 June Criticism of F.S.U. Attend another Forest goddess festival. Entertained in a wealthy Indian house. Tours flooded areas with the Governor of Bengal. Comments on Congress’ refusal the Cabinet Mission’s proposal.
• 19 June Closing down flood relief work. Visits with Indian friends, attempts to break down purdah.
• 23 June Asked by the F.S.U. to start entirely new ‘model’ scheme in a Bengal village – to build up via a model school, surveys and contacts, health service, agricultural cooperative. Opening up of intellectual life in Calcutta.
• 30 June More news of village scheme. Description of their friends and being entertained.
• 7 July Thoughts on helping underdeveloped countries, and also in new model village to be centred round community centre. Smoothing out cross-purposes in the F.S.U. about the scheme for the village. Leave Canning.
• 10 July More of future plans, and daily events. Possibility of Brama Samaj taking over slum work..
• 14 July Lunches with English business magnate. Attends Service at Brahma Samaj. Visits Thieves’ Market, and Friends’ Unit industrial centre for weaving. Cost of Unit.
• 20 July Have been in Master Takhur’s ashram: to find God in living world. Going to train further at Wardha.
• 21 July More about the ashram, and Takhur: Also going to Santiniketan, Tagore’s International University.
• 24 July Looking for a site near Barsirhat for ‘model’ scheme. Pro’s and cons of various sites.
• 28 July Difficulties in choosing site. Discussions – Preliminary farm plans. Effect of Indian life and religious atmosphere on them.
• 1 August Plans for Settlement going ahead. Grant towards road. Kindness of people. Plans for buildings.
• 4 August Plans going ahead for settlement, description of proposed buildings. Meal in Moslem house. Communal tension in Barsirhat and not in villages.
• 5 August Hold first poetry reading. Great success. Plans for its future. Work of the Unit and its difficulties. Gandhi and Muslim League. Margot running spinning class.
• 9 August At Tagore’s University, Santiniketan, on the anniversary of his death. Description of the day, including charming tree-planting ceremony. See Tagore’s paintings: comments.
• 12 August Further description. and comments on Santiniketan and Tagore’s aims and theories, their success and failure. Comments on atmosphere and surroundings. See village work.
• 16 August Describes visit to one of F.S.U.’s community centres. Comments on increase in their work, and lack of initiative in practical work by Indians, and no training for it.
• 19 August Experience the rioting in Calcutta. Very brief description as they are both working in rescue operations.
• Undated Half a letter about visit to Gandhi. Meet him at Muslim house. His attitude to Pakistan. After prayers he makes usual speech attacking purdah, and speaks on emancipation. Description of his daily routine – comments on obstructions to his mission. H. and M. go a walk with him in evening. Consideration of Gandhi’s greatness. Visit a woman doctor to discuss midwifery centre; poetry group; proposals for putting Shakespeare on the radio.
• 25 August Very detailed description, Wardha and meeting with Gandhi. Meet the people engaged in the basic educational programme: comments. Calcutta
• 30 August Comments on the effect of Wardha. Calcutta
• 31 August Comments on the political situation in India, especially concept of Pakistan. Brief description of Sevagram, and Gandhian economics.
• 9 September Personal, and comments on film. Plans for the settlement.
• 16 September Recovering from illness. Personal.
• 7 September More plans for building and organizing the settlement.
• 12 September In Barsihat before settling in Raghabpur where settlement will be. Small details of life, including remarks on tension in Calcutta.
• 19 September Floods. Hallam recovering. Going to Puri.
• 22 September Recovering still. Margot not well. Personal thoughts and reflections on literature and European politics.
• 27 September Recovering slowly. Puri trip delayed. Reflections on literature read.
• 30 September Still delays in departure owing illness. Shopping upset by riots in Calcutta. Search for folk pottery, etc. Communal feeling spreading out to villages, and the difficulties this places on settlement scheme.
• 4 October On holiday, by the sea at Puri. Description of daily life, and of a Durga puja. Recuperating.
• 7 October Description of Puri, and of characteristic art forms of area. Reaction of English in hotel to ‘sdhoti at dinner.
• 12 October Further description of Durga. Festival at Juggernath Temple.
• 13 October Have visited caves near Puri. Other odd details about life in Puri.
• 18 October Have just arrived in pouring rain at village, Raghabpur. Living in dispensary. Starting fortnightly poetry group in Calcutta. Kali Puja coming. Reading books on Yoga by Vivekananda.
• 20 October Unseasonable pouring rain. Unsuitability of the building for dispensary. Attitude of the village people detailed. Remarks about Indian politics – thinks civil war cannot be averted.
• 30 October More of the Divali Festival described in the following letter.
• 25 October For Kali Puja at Ramakrishna Mission in Calcutta. Communal situation worsening in Calcutta. Raghabpur still untouched 50-50 Hindu-Muslim population. Attend the religious celebration at the Ramakrishna Centre for eight hours and begin to understand the Energy principle embodied in Kali.
• 31 October Shops, offices etc. closed due to renewed rioting in the town.
• 1 November Description of life in dispensary. Making a garden. The sunrise and sunsets. Have got permission for a sand road. Notes on international politics: the English theatre.
• 3 November Have begun touring the villages, welcomed everywhere, making survey. Remarks on the people & and work. Personal.
• 8 November Been planting vegetable garden. Having difficulty with land. Plays in football match with village. Ends with passage on the seriousness of the situation.
• 13 November Meet American members of F.S.U.. Negro couple. Meet the Calcutta Swamiji of the Ramakrishna Mission and discuss religious studies with him. Starting to study Islam. Finish the survey of the villages. Getting data about women and children abducted in riotous areas of East Bengal.
• 17 November Scheme at standstill owing to no land available at reasonable price, and money for road fallen through. They don’t really believe in the scheme. Better filling in gaps. Not enough time.
• 21 November Rain again – upsetting plans. Describes preparations with whole village for visitors. Personal.
• 28 November Getting drugs for dispensary. Other welfare plans going ahead. May go to All India Women’s Conference in C.P.
• 6 December Leaving village until land can be obtained reasonably. Doctor and Indian member staying. Meet Mr. Singha who started craft work in Tagore’s university and Sevagram, and is now in Assam at Gandhi’s suggestion.
• 9 December Have started making friends and meeting people outside the Unit. Popularity of the poetry society. Reaching wide audience. Decision on their new work. Margot’s social work in slums. Hallam: Calcutta work on village scheme. Hopes to get Gandhian worker to help. Leaving village with farewell speech and explanations.
• 13 December Description of farewell meeting. Land offers pour in and then evaporate. Opinion that only way for scheme to develop is very slowly from within – the Gandhian way. Personal.
• 15 December President of Kasturba Gandhi Memorial Trust enthusiastic about helping the scheme. Go to an exhibition, Art in Industry. Meet a man who organized scheme. Long comment on Indian mentality and outlook compared with English. Fate of traditional art in India.
• 21 December Free land has been offered for the scheme. Evening with sita and tobbla players.
• 23 December Discussion of situation in Unit. Responsibilities and work. Indians and Europeans. Their inability to see how much work and responsibility could be taken by Indians in Unit. Necessity of different approach and great patience.
• 26 December Description of Christmas. Attend Ramakrishna Mission celebration of the Nativity – very charming. Go to an enormous private collection of Rajput art.
• 29 December Opening dispensary Raghabpur (Margot at Conference). Indian workers will run dispensary. Describes midnight service at Cathedral. Going to two of Tagore’s nieces for reading practice in Bengali. Description of them. About the scheme and its progress.
• 31 December Margot starts to write from and about the All India Women’s Conference at Akola (Central Provinces) and concludes it in Calcutta on 4 January 1947, describing the sculptures and frescoes she saw on a trip to the Ajanta caves.

4.   Letters from Hallam Tennyson to his parents when he was taking part in refugee work in Italy, 1945.

1945

• 25 February Personal. From Italy.
• 8 March Personal and about Jewish refugees in Italy and Yugoslavia.
• 18 March Personal
• 3 April Personal: on relief work.
• 17 April Personal.
• 29 April Personal: about discovery of concentration camps.
• 18 June Personal: about rebuilding Italian villages.
• 24 July Personal: mentions ‘India Project’.