Archive / Audio

The Centre of South Asian Studies has a large collection of oral history and other sound recordings, which we are currently in the process of digitising with the help of a grant from the AHRC. During this process the interviews are indexed and catalogued.

The links below give access to the interviews and the index of keywords, which is searchable.


Collections

  • K.A. ABBAS (5)

    K.A. Abbas, author, journalist and film-maker, describes (parts 1&2) childhood memories of the National Movement, his associations with the Civil Disobedience and Quit India movements, and (parts 3-5) gives his observations on films which evoked patriotic sentiments before Independence, on film standards afterwards, and on the impact Western films had on Indian feature and documentary film-making.
  • NAWAB H.M. ABDI (1)

    Nawab Murtaza Husain Abdi, currently (1970) promoting Indo-Pakistani amity, was a follower of Mrs. Annie Besant, a member of the Home Rule League, and of the Swaraj Party.
  • M. AGGARWAL (1)

    M. Aggarwal, politician, briefly describes how he entered politics, and the activities of the Praja Mandal in the last few years before Independence.
  • F.G. ALDERSON-SMITH (1)

    His life and work on tea estates in Ceylon, includes references to his war service with the Fleet Air Arm and his duties in civilian life as a Justice of the Peace and Unofficial Police Magistrate
  • ABID ALI (8)

    Abid Ali, politician, talks at length of his life as a leading freedom fighter, trades union and workers' welfare man, Member of Parliament, Deputy Minister for Labour, and membership of the I.L.O. and Rajya Sabha.
  • U. ASHK (2)

    U. Ashk, famous Urdu/Hindi writer, talks of the songs and poems of the Freedom movement, of the literary scene in Lahore, Bombay, Delhi and Allahabad, and of his own career as a writer of poetry and prose for paper, radio and film.
  • S.A. AYER (3)

    S.A. Ayer, Reuters correspondent, member of the Azad Hind cabinet, talks of the 1922 Gandhi trial; the Prince of Wales boycott; Chandra Bose and the Azad Hind government; the INA retreat from Rangoon; Chandra Bose's death; the Red Fort trials; Britain's decision to leave India.
  • MRS BAIRD (1)

    Scot Mrs. Baird talks briefly to Mary Thatcher about her life in Rangoon as the wife of the Chief Accountant of an oil Company [presumed to be the Burma Oil Co.].
  • V. BAMFIELD (2)

    Mrs. Veronica Bamfield, whose father and husband were both in the British Army in India, talks to Mary Thatcher about her childhood, social and domestic life, and Uday Shankar's dance school in Almora.
  • A. BANDHOPADHYA (1)

    Miss Anu Bandhopadhya, a teacher in Kasturba Camp, and collaborator on D.G. Tendulkar's Gandhi and Ghaffar Khan biographies, toured Noakhali, East Bengal, with Gandhi, following the outbreak of communal riots there.
  • S. Banker (2)

    S. Banker, Gandhi disciple, talks about the Home Rule League, the Kaira Satyagraha, the textile mill workers' strike in Ahmedabad (1918), agitation following the Rowlatt Act, and gives an insight into the inner Gandhi while in jail.
  • Lt Col R. BANKS (1)

    Lt. Col. R. Banks, 15th Sikhs, and Judge Advocate General, tells Mary Thatcher of his private life, his and his wife's families' connections with India, and of his Indian Army life and career (1914-1937) until being invalided, and then being posted to Palestine.
  • C.H. BARRY (4)

    Very interesting account of the career in education of an Englishman in India. He resuscitated the nearly defunct Aitchison College, Lahore (see Wikipedia article). He left India in 1946, fearing the effects of Partition on the aims of the school. There are some comments on changes in the province brought about by the Quit India campaign. [See also archive papers: Barry Papers]
  • BARKELEY-SMITH (2)

    Wife of I.C.S. (District Magistrate, Agra), aged 92, at Mettenham, in Suffolk, on 05-12-1979. Includes observations on purdah and its greater prevalence in the early part of the 20th century. Her experience was of a much lower level of social activity and excess than is popularly claimed. [See also archive papers: Barkeley Smith papers, Coghill Papers (Mrs. Barkeley-Smith's great-uncle).]
  • PROF. V.V. BAPAT (2)

    Prof. V.V. Bapat, poet, author, and Professor of Sanskrit and Marathi, first at Dharwar College, later at Bombay's National College, then at Ruia College, gives a different perspective on the underground freedom fighters, then describes the Kranti-Kari, prison, the Kala-pathak cultural squad of the Rashtriya Seva Dal, the Antar-Bharatiya, and the author-politician-journalist tradition in Maharashtra.
  • S. BATLIWALA (3)

    Soli Batliwala, a Trustee of the Bhulabhai Memorial Trust since 1953, after 25 years as a freedom fighter in the Congress Socialist Party and the Communist Party, gives his account and views of the Independence struggle.
  • M.M. BEGG (1)

    M.M. Begg, educationalist, gives a very detailed eye-witness account of the Muslim evacuation camps in Delhi during September to November, 1947.
  • E.M. BECHER (1)

    Wife of Railway Engineer; 41 mins; 1976; M. Thatcher; Poona; Ootacamund; domestic life; children; 1929-1945
  • A.S.J. BHAGWAT (2)

    A.S.J. Bhagwat, education and culture specialist, took a prominent role in the Satyagraha Movement and tells of his work and colleagues, especially in the educational and cultural fields.
  • D. BHARATI (1)

    D. Bharati, politician, recalls how he was drawn into politics, his part in the Home Rule movement and some of the main characters in Ratlam and Indore also involved in the Independence Movement.
  • P. BHARUCHA (1)

    P. Bharucha, Parsee solicitor, talks of his family background, his education and early career, the C.D. boycotts, the 'Congress Bulletin', Nasik jail, and the Muslim riots in Calcutta and the reprisals.
  • S. BHAWARI (1)

    S. Bhawari, politician, was responsible for distributing underground literature and especially the Praja Mandal Patrika throughout the Holkar State. He tells of some of his attitudes and adventures.
  • A.P. BLAIR (1)

    This account of the work of a marketing manager in the early years of the oil industry includes interesting glimpses of and comments on his life in India in the 1920s and 1930s.
  • S. BOLT (2)

    Reminiscences of Sydney Bolt, recalling his Communist Party activities and support of the war, 1941-45. India and Assam. [For overview on the subjects covered see also: Hindu Online article.] [See also archive papers: Bolt Papers]
  • MRS BROAD (1)

    Mary Thatcher talking to Mrs. Broad and Phyllis [presumed to be a friend] about life in India. Mrs Broad was the wife of a Gurkha Officer stationed at Rawalpindi for two years.
  • G. BROKER (2)

    G. Broker, a notable Gujarati author, describes his recruitment of freedom struggle volunteers in the A and C wards of Bombay, the people he met in jails and his awakening to a literary career whilst there, some of the characters he met in the BPCC, Gandhi's influence on Gujarati life and literature, and Indian attitudes to the British and British institutions.
  • Z. BROWNE (1)

    Zoe Browne is the granddaughter of John "Tonga" Browne, owner of the Madras Carrying Company in the 1860s. Her father, Herbert, was a veterinary surgeon in the Nilgiris. At the time of the interview Miss Browne still owned property in Ootacamund.
  • G. CAPTAIN (2)

    Mrs. Goshiben Captain, one of the famous Naoroji Sisters, granddaughters of Dadabhai Naoroji, tells Uma Shankar of her activities in the Freedom Movement, Desh Sevikas (the women's wing of the satyagrahis) in the Civil Disobedience Movement, the Bombay Pradesh Congress Committee, the All-India Village Industries and the Hindustani Prachar Sabha. [See also Indianet article on the Naoroji sisters ]
  • K.B. CARTER (1)

    Mrs Kathleen Carter, wife first of an engineer, later of a tea planter in Ceylon, gives reminiscences of her life in India. Interviewed by Maj. F.W. Rawding, Ootacamund, 20-12-73.
  • Msgr F.X.G. CATÃO (1)

    Monsignor Francis Xavier Gomez Catão, Canon of the Cathedral of Goa, and domestic Prelate. Born 08-12-1896 in Goa. Educated at Mapusa and Rachol. Interviewed 11-12-1973.
  • L.F. CHAND (8)

    L.F. Chand, journalist, tells how he was drawn into the Freedom Movement, describes, at length, Lala Lajpat Rai's premonitions of secession/partition, and details the Saunders/Bhagat Singh episode.
  • S. CHAUBE (1)

    Dr. S. Chaube, Socialist/writer, talks briefly of his fight against oppression in the Princely States, especially in Gwalior, by both the British and the Maharajahs.
  • D.R. CHAUDHRY (1)

    D.R. Chaudhry, politician, talks of the Arya Samaj movement, the Congress movement, jail life, the Quit India movement, Muslim/Hindu conflict and amity in Delhi pre- and post-'47.
  • B.V. CHAVAN (1)

    B.V. Chavan, President of the Freedom Fighters' Association, gives the background to and the consequences of the Capitol Cinema bomb incident, Poona, and describes in detail how he made and delivered the bomb.
  • I. CHIMANLAL (1)

    Mrs. Indumati Chimanlal, politician and educationist, gives her views of women's participation in the Freedom Movement, particularly their social liberation and welfare, educational opportunities, and cultural renaissance.
  • R.K. CHRISTIE (1)

    A prepared monologue tape recording, describing the processes of tea production and marketing; responsibilities and managing of tea estates; European life in Ceylon (Sri Lanka) including social life. 1950 - 1970.
  • Mr W.A.J. and Mrs CHRISTIE (1)

    Mr. Christie (Deputy Commissioner) describes the Chittagong Hill Tracts, three tribal chiefs, the visit of Sir John Anderson, Governor of Bengal, in 1935, and includes a commentary to his home-made ciné film of the visit.
  • L. Chuglani (1)

    L. Chuglani, politician, talks about his role in and memories of the period leading to independence. 1929-1947
  • MRS CROOKSHANK (2)

    Mrs. Crookshank's husband was at one time in the First World War, Curator of the Museum in Calcutta, lecturer in geology at the University, and Director of the Geological Survey of India. His family had been I.C.S. in Madras, but Mrs. Crookshank knew little of India and nothing of under-canvas touring in the jungles of Central Provinces. She relates her experiences to Mary Thatcher.
  • E. CUNNINGHAM (1)

    Mrs. Elsie Cunningham, widow of Brigadier Cunningham and daughter of Mr. Drake Brockman, Nepal, talks briefly to Mary Thatcher about India and Nepal.
  • D. DAS GUPTA (2)

    D. Das Gupta, politician, talks of Bengal's politics, influences dividing Bengal, pre/post Partition riots, Seva Sangh in Calcutta and Noahkali, the Shanti Sena and Mukti Bahini, pre/post Bangladesh Independence, and Mujibur Rahman.
  • A. DASTUR (1)

    Dr. Aloo Dastur, Head of the Department of Civics and Politics at Bombay University, describes some of the episodes in Bombay during the Freedom Fight, 1930-1942.
  • S.R. DATE (1)

    S.R. Date, journalist/printer/publisher, talks of his early working life, the political scene in Maharashtra, and about the Hindu Mahasabha.
  • J.DAVIS (2)

    The daughter of a Forestry Officer and married to a Forestry Officer, Mrs. Joan Davis describes her family's connections with India, her childhood there (1903-13), and domestic life (1922-1947).
  • M. DAYAL (1)

    M. Dayal, scholar, author, broadcaster, very briefly describes Chandni Chowk's history, the Hardinge Bomb Case, Quit India, Partition problems in Delhi, and Nehru, Gandhi, Anisa Kidwai and Mushtaq Ahmad.
  • R. DAYAL (3)

    R. Dayal, UN diplomat/ICS administrator, gives his views of the ICS in the UP and the mistakes of Partition, and describes his career in the UN.
  • S.DEO (4)

    Shankharrao Deo was First Secretary of the Maharashtra Pradesh Congress Committee, 1920, and General secretary of the Congress, 1946-50.
  • T.R. DEOGIRIKAR (2)

    Shri T.R. Deogirikar describes the Freedom Movement in Maharashtra, the Civil Disobedience Movement, the Maharashtra Pradesh Congress Committee (MPCC), and his 12 years as a Member of Parliament.
  • N. DESAI (2)

    N. Desai, Gujarati author/journalist, talks anecdotally of the years before and during the Quit India movement, including women's contributions, the Junagarh episode, and of his post-1947 activities.
  • M. DESAI (2)

    Mrinalini Desai, social worker/authoress, narrates her story of how, as a young girl, she took a small part in the Freedom Movement’s successful attempt to blow up the munitions factory at Kirkee, Poona, in 1943
  • K. DESAI (2)

    K. Desai, Gujarati journalist, lawyer, briefly gives his view of the Freedom Struggle from the early thirties to Kasturba's death in 1944.
  • J.R. DESAI (1)

    J.R. Desai, educationist and Gujarati poet, talks about Satyagrahas, jail life and the socio-political scene, and gives an insight into Gandhi's relations with Vidyapith students and the intelligentsia, especially Kripalani.
  • G.S. DESAI (2)

    G.S. Desai, Congressman, describes the Bombay scene in the period between just before the first World War and just before Independence.
  • G.A. DESHPANDE (2)

    Shri Gopal Appaji Deshpande (popularly Tatya Saheb) tells of his part in the Non-cooperation and Civil Disobedience Movements in Maharashtra.
  • P. DEWAN (1)

    Questions about becoming a Christian in 1970, and the problems associated with being a Christian in Nepal.
  • U.N. DHEBAR (8)

    U.N. Dhebar, Chief Minister of Saurashtra ('48-'54), President of the Indian National Congress ('55-'59), talks of leading the freedom struggle in Saurashtra.
  • R.D.M. DHOTLA (2)

    R.D.M. Dhotla, politician, relates his part in the fight for Independence and gives some of the background to the problems in the Princely States and the need for their unification afterwards.
  • B.R. DHURANDHAR (6)

    Bhalchandra Dhurandhar, newspaper correspondent, gives an eye-witness account of the Lahore Congress Session of 1929, the Dandi march of 1930, the Gandhi 21-day fast of 1933, and the All-India Congress sessions at Faizpur, Haripura and Tripura, 1937-9.
  • R.R. DIWAKAR (3)

    R.R. Diwakar, journalist/politician, talks of the Swadeshi Movement of 1905-06 and describes the mood and freedom activities in India, especially the Karnatak, through to Independence and beyond.
  • K.S.DUGGAL (2)

    K.S. Duggal, author, broadcaster, recalls the tensions leading to the communal holocaust in the Punjab, the aftermath, the effect on the cultural scene, the resurgence of the Punjabi language and literature, and his work for the National Book Trust.
  • J.B.D'SOUZA (1)

    Mr. J.B. D'Souza, in September 1947, was a very junior officer in the Indian Administrative Service. He recounts his view of the mass migrations during Partition.
  • B.C. DUTT (3)

    B.C. Dutt, naval rating on the HMIS Talwar, gives a detailed account of the Indian Navy Mutiny of February, 1946, in Bombay, from the initial stirrings, through the strike, the fighting, and the surrender.
  • F.C.C. EDMONDS (2)

    Mr. F.F.C. Edmonds, Inspector of Schools, being interviewed by Dr. Lionel Carter
  • FRIEND IN NEED SOCIETY HOME, MADRAS (2)

    8 residents questioned by Maj. F.W. Rawding.
  • REV. E AND MRS M. GALLAGHER (1)

    Mary Thatcher talks to the Rev. and Mrs. Gallagher, Methodist Missionaries in Hyderabad and Bangalore.
  • DR K.H. GANDHI (3)

    Dr. K.H. Gandhi, grandson of the Mahatma, gives insights into the man, his values, aspirations, method of education, experiments etc.
  • K. (Kanubhai) Gandhi (1)

    Kanubhai Gandhi, great-nephew of the Mahatma, tells how he came to work for him as his secretary, then describes Gandhi's character.
  • M. GANGWAL (1)

    M. Gangwal, Congress leader/Chief Minister, briefly describes his political career and his involvement in the freedom struggle.
  • G. GAUBA (1)

    Mrs. Gopi Gauba, authoress, describes in detail, the moving scenes at Birla House immediately after the shooting of Gandhi, his wounds, the mourners, people's reactions, and the scenes at the funeral pyre.
  • V.B. GOGATE (2)

    V.B. Gogate, lawyer and disciple of Savarkar, gives detailed accounts of the background, the event, and the aftermath of his failed attempt to assassinate Sir Ernest Hotson, 22 July 1931.
  • P.P. GOKHALE (3)

    P.P. (Baburao) Gokhale, freedom fighter, historian ('Jagrit Satara'), and rural specialist, discusses his role in the Quit India movement.
  • D.R. GOLE (4)

    Professor Damodar Ramchandra Gole, a lecturer in geography in S.P. [Sir Parshurambhau] College, Poona University, describes his activities in the Quit India movement, the Jammu and Kashmir Militia and the Goa Liberation Movement.
  • N.G. GORAY (2)

    N.G. Goray, Praja Socialist Party MP (Rajya Sabha), discusses war, independence, Partition and attitudes to the British before and after 1947.
  • D.K. GOSAVI (1)

    D.K. Gosavi (Bua Sahib), freedom fighter, describes the political scene during the '20s and '30s, jail life and the Quit India movement.
  • M. GUPTA (4)

    Manmathnath Gupta, Hindi author, describes life in jail, the Revolutionary Movement and compares its activities with Gandhi's tactics.
  • S. GUPTA (1)

    S. Gupta, male nurse, briefly describes the activities in Bombay hospitals during the agitation of 1931 and 1942, and the underground support in the chawls of the Worli area.
  • S.C. GUPTA (1)

    S.C. Gupta, writer/politician, describes the Freedom Movement's underground network and activities of people working in government service, the Partition riots, and the development of Delhi from the mid 19th century.
  • B.M. GUPTE (5)

    B.M. Gupte, one time member of both the Swaraj and Congress Parties, describes the political scene from 1918 to 1958.
  • Mrs M. Hall and Mrs K. Garrod (6)

    Joint interview with two women who lived in many parts of India. Mrs Hall's husband was in the Political Service, and served in Simla, U.P., Bombay, Delhi and N.W.F.P. from 1938 to 1945. From 1946 to 1962 he held posts in Sabah and Sarawak. During the war years, she worked in the Red Cross and W.V.S.. Mrs Garrod's husband was a Public Works Department engineer.
  • K.A. Hamied (2)

    Dr K.A. Hamied, academic and industrialist, narrates from personal knowledge the various phases of the Freedom Movement from 1914 onwards, and observes the state of India and Pakistan 22 years after Independence.
  • DR R. HARDY (2)

    Dr. Ruth Hardy, formerly, as Ruth Bocock, a Medical Doctor/Missionary with the Dublin University Mission at Chota Nagpur, and later as the wife of the Rt. Rev. Alec O. Hardy, Bishop of Nagpur from 1937 to 1948.
  • D. R. Harkare (2)

    D.R. Harkare, veteran freedom fighter and Gandhi disciple since 1918, is best known for his constructive activities, village industries, slum clearances and social works.
  • MRS HENDERSON (1)

    Mrs henderson recounts her experiences as the wife of the Inspector General of Gaols, Lucknow.
  • Mrs C. Henderson (3)

    Unusual recollections by the wife of George Henderson, an agriculturalist primarily concerned with land reclamation in Bihar. 1913-1943.
  • A. and W. HEWLETT (2)

    Mr. A. (Bertie) and Mrs. Winifred Hewlett talking about engineering manufacture (mainly for the railway industry) and their life generally, in India, 1928-1946.
  • Hoshiyariben (2)

    Hoshiyariben, Punjabi plague widow, talks of Gandhi's way of dealing with people, his support for her and her young son and starting her on a career in natural healing at his clinic at Uruli, and of his premonition of death.
  • W.E.G. Humphrey (1)

    W.E.G. Humphrey, was working for Burmah Shell, in Karachi, during the period leading up to and beyond Partition. He narrates some first-hand observations of the period and challenges a few myths that have arisen.
  • F. and M. HUNTER (4)

    Frances hunter and her mother reading out letters describing their lives in Jhansi, Naini Tal, Dehra Dun and Meerut, 1922-37.
  • B.P.Jain (4)

    B.P. Jain, publisher/politician, talks about the Assembly and Viceregal train bombs, the Delhi bomb factory, jail life, the I.N.C., arguments for and against joining the War, and finally portrays the character of Chandra Shekhar Azad.
  • J.D. Jenkins (1)

    Mr J.D. Jenkins gives a slightly mischievous and off-beat account of the social and political scene during his time in India which covers nearly sixty years.
  • S.H. Jhabvala (1)

    S.H. Jabhvala, pioneer of the Trade Union Movement in India, talks of his experiences in that field from 1910, beginning with the Post and Telegraph Union in Bombay.
  • C. Joshi (2)

    C. Joshi, Gandhi disciple, describes life with Gandhi in the Sabarmati ashram and in the Yeravada jail, and in doing so he gives in an insight into Gandhi's personality.
  • H.M. Joshi (5)

    H.M. Joshi, veteran freedom fighter, was part founder, MD, chief editor of the Congress Party daily 'Lok Shakta', was research officer for the State Committee of History of Freedom Movement, and was author of a biography of Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan.
  • Professor U. Joshi (1)

    Prof. U. Joshi, politician and Gujarati poet, talks of his admiration for Gandhi, and of the influence his writings and the freedom fight had on Gujarati literature.
  • W. Kabadi (10)

    Waman Kabadi, journalist, remembers the social and political scene in India since the early 20th century, the freedom movement, and some of the personalities associated with it.
  • U. Kalbag (1)

    U. Kalbag, 'Times of India' reporter, describes the agitation for separate statehood in Gujarat and Maharashtra, culminating in the Flora Fountain gang warfare in Bombay, 1956.
  • M. Kampath (1)

    M. Kampath, student leader/politician, talks briefly about his part in the Students' Movement within the Freedom Struggle in the Princely States.
  • Dr A. Kanekar (1)

    Dr. Anant Kanekar, leftist Marathi literary journalist/writer, describes the literary and socio-political scenes at the start of Gandhi's non-cooperation and civil disobedience movements.
  • P.S. Kapadia (2)

    P.S. Kapadia, textiles industrialist, describes solitary confinement in the Red Fort, Japanese attitudes to India and underground aims; he then talks at length about Khadi and Village Industries.
  • M. Kara (1)

    Maniben Kara, Vice-President of the Hind Mazdoor Sabha union activist of long standing, gives her views of the social and political scene from 1929 to 1969
  • A.J. Karandikar (1)

    A.J. Karandikar, author andjournalist, reads a prepared piece telling of his work and of his acquaintance with G.D. Savarkar.
  • V.B. Karnik (1)

    V.B. Karnik, trade unionist and author on labour and politics, talks about the non-cooperation movement from 1921, and of his close association with M.N. Roy from 1930 onwards.
  • K. Katgade (3)

    Kundali Katgade, of Belgaum, narrates his experiences of Gandhi's first Satyagraha experiment at Champaran, Bihar, and his life in Gandhiji's Ashram.
  • K. Ketkar (3)

    G.V. Ketkar, journalist, gives his recollections of Lokmania Tilak (his grandfather), his time with Savarkar and the Hindu Mahasabha, the political scene in Poona (1947-48), and Mahasabha after Independence.
  • N.T. Khandwala (2)

    A noted journalist and publisher tells of his contact with people, prisons and events in the struggle for freedom.
  • J.K. Khanna (3)

    J.K. Khanna, lawyer/Congressman, talks of the Delhi political scene, the I.N.A. Trial at Red Fort, Partition communal riots, refugee trains, rehabilitation and compensation.
  • G.S. Khosla (2)

    G.S. Khosla, railways manager, author, playwright, broadcaster, gives his views of Partition atrocities, Lahore and Delhi Punjabi theatre and culture, Dacca, the Bengal famine, Lahore Muslims vs. non-Muslims, and Indian attitudes to the British.
  • K.D. Kohli (1)

    K.D. Kohli, journalist, talks of joining the C.D. Movement, Rawalpindi and Lyallpur jails, Lajpat Rai and his British tour, his experiences with 'The Hindustan Times' and other newspapers, Nehru's 'Eight-Days Interlude' pamphlet, and Partition riots.
  • A.J.B. KRIPALANI (2)

    A.J.B. Kripalani, politician and author, talks about the Champaran Satyagraha, impressions of Malaviya, the Indian National Congress, Indian higher education, the Constituent Assembly, and the British.
  • S. Kripalani (6)

    Mrs. Sucheta Kripalani, politician, gives a very detailed and interesting account of the quit India movement, the politics, the atrocities of the pre- and post-Partition riots, and her refugee work after Partition, and the Tibet and Bangladesh crises.
  • R. Krishna (2)

    R. Krishna, politician, talks of his early days with the I.N.C., life in various jails, life in Punjabi politics, Haripura and Tripura Congress sessions, the Quit India period, communal tensions, refugees, and the first Indo-Pakistan War.
  • P. Lacey (2)

    Mrs. P. Lacey gives an account of her work as honorary secretary of the Bihar and Orissa National Council of Women. She also recalls her husband's (Graham) work as Settlement Officer (ICS), and speaks of the 1942 troubles in Bihar.
  • Lakshmiben (2)

    Lakshmiben, Gandhi's adopted daughter of Moghabhai, an 'untouchable' from Bombay, talks, in Gandhi's old Sevagram room, about untouchables, Gandhi's rules and experiments, and life in ashrams and jails.
  • B.C. Lal (4)

    B.C. Lal, journalist, author, traveller, talks of his life as a journalist in India, Britain and Japan, the Naujawan Bharat Sabha, riots and refugees in Punjab and Delhi, and of his travels in the Americas during World War II.
  • S. Lal (5)

    S. Lal, veteran Freedom Fighter, recalls his part in the Hardinge Bomb Case, claims the British plotted to set Muslims against Hindus and workers against bosses, and describes many Freedom leaders.
  • K.B. Lall (11)

    K.B. Lall, ICS/diplomat, talks at length about the ICS before and after Quit India, post-Partition, integration of the Princely States, Matsya Union and Madhya Bharat, as Ambassador during British E.E.C. negotiations, and the 1970 Indo-Pakistan War.
  • Mrs J. Lash (1)

    Mrs Joan Lash, wife of an ADC to the Governor of Madras, talks about everyday life in India - her children, health and the living conditions they faced. 1863-1945.
  • Bishop W.Q. Lash (2)

    Bishop Lash was prominent in the Ashram Movement in India. He took over the Christa Prema Seva Sangha in 1934 and became Bishop of Bombay in 1947.
  • A.S. Limaye (1)

    Mrs. A.S. Limaye, teacher, social worker and politician, describes her constructive activities within the Rashtriya Seva Dal, the Samaj-wadi Mahila Sabha, and the Women's wing of the Praja Socialist Party.
  • N. Limaye (1)

    Nilubhai Limaye, proprietor of the 'Poonam' restaurant, member of the Poona Municipal Corporation and of the Samyukt Socialist Party, describes some of his underground activities in the Poona area in 1942.
  • S. Limaye (3)

    Maharashtrian Shri Shribau Limaye describes the formation of the socialist faction of the Congress party, the Satyagrahas, the Rashtra Seva Dal, 'Quit India', and his social work.
  • Col. J.S. Lord (2)

    An Indian Army Officer (124th Baluchistan Infantry) Col. Lord tells of his experiences of the Army in India and Persia during the First World War, including a chilling anecdote of the infamous influenza.
  • M. MacLeod (2)

    Missionaries of the United Church of India, Rev. and Mrs Macleod talk of their work in Calcutta and rural Bengal, as well as their views on politics leading up to Partition and their experiences of the famine of 1943.
  • Mmes. Le Brocq, MacPherson and Meiklejohn (2)

    Wives Betty Le Brocq (Police), Monica Macpherson (Army), Florence Mieklejohn (Forestry), in conversation, talk about some of the pleasures and difficulties of living in India, and also about the run up to Partition.
  • Savitri Madan (3)

    Savitri Madan, educationist/village-industry specialist, describes women satyagrahis in Sialkot and Lahore, her work as vice-principal of a girls' high-school in Poona.
  • R.S. Maharaj (1)

    R.S. Maharaj, 90 years old disciple of Gandhi and social and welfare constructive worker, speaks briefly, in Gujarati, of his time in the Freedom Movement and of his subsequent activities.
  • E.P. Manning (2)

    Mr Manning, a retired officer in the Madras Engineers, relates his work and army experiences in India and Burma.
  • Philip Mason (5)

    Philip Mason, author and Indian Civil Service official, talks of his training for the ICS, his work as a court official and map surveyor, and of his life as an author.
  • John Masters (3)

    John Masters (1914-1983) was an English officer in the British Army, and a novelist. His works are noted for their treatment of the British Empire.
  • M.S. Mathur (1)

    M.S. Mathur, Inspector-General Indian Police Service, briefly describes junior and senior police life in the U.P. during the years either side of Independence.
  • Sylvester McGoldrick (1)

    Father Sylvester McGoldrick was a Franciscan missionary (1950-1965) at Bellary [Mysore/Andra Pradesh border]. He talks to Mary Thatcher about his life and work there.
  • L.C. Mehra (1)

    L.C. Mehra, engineer, talks briefly about Karachi, the many jails he was in, communal riots and Hindu/Muslim/Sikh relations in Lahore, and the expectation that Partition would put Lahore in India.
  • C. Mehta (1)

    C. Mehta, lawyer, gives his view of the atrocities suffered and the people involved during the fight for freedom in the State of Ratlam.
  • G.L. Mehta (2)

    G.L. Mehta, journalist, author, economist, Ambassador, businessman, talks about Indian leaders, his time as Ambassador to the U.S.A., and Indian attitudes to the British and their Institutions.
  • Hansa Mehta (2)

    Mrs. Hansa Mehta, very distinguished educationist and social worker, describes some of her many Indian, International, and British public service enterprises, 1930-1965.
  • Usha Mehta (1)

    Dr. Usha Mehta, professor of Political Science in Bombay, describes helping to set up and to broadcast patriotic radio propaganda. In a second interview, Dr Mehta gives details of specific propaganda compaigns for the 1942 uprising in Gujarat and Bombay, the Quit India movement and Congress Radio.
  • Congress Radio

  • V.L. Mehta (2)

    V.L. Mehta, politician/industrialist, talks of non-cooperation, Satyagrahas, the conflict between the Swarajists and the No-Changers, textile mills, jail life, Quit India, the bifurcation of Bombay State, and at length, of the English language campaign.
  • Florence Meiklejohn (2)

    Florence Meiklejohn, wife of 'Mick' (W.), Indian Forestry Service Officer tells of what life was like for her accompanying him on his tours in Indian forests.
  • Y.K. Menon (1)

    Y.K. Menon, free-lance journalist, talks of his civilian involvement in the Royal Indian Navy 'Mutiny' of February 1946.
  • J.P. Mills (2)

    Mrs. Mills was from a family very distinguished in India since about 1800. Her husband, Philip, was in the ICS from 1913 and latterly was Political Advisor to the Governor of Assam.
  • Jagmohan Mitra (2)

    Jagmohan Mitra is a well-known composer, director and singer of Indian light music, including 'geet', and took his inspiration from Rabindranath Tagore to create cultural and patriotic themes.
  • A. Moffatt (2)

    Part of Mary Thatcher's 'Women in India' questionnaire series. Mrs. Moffatt, of Gullane, Scotland, responded to the questionnaire by recording on tape, in May, 1979, her memories of India as the wife of a Kumauni Army wife
  • Marshall D. Moran (3)

    Father Marshall Denis Moran, born 1906, Chicago [d. 1992]. India 1929; founded St Xavier's, Godavari [Jawalakhel] and Patna
  • F. Moraes (1)

    F. Moraes, author/journalist/editor, gives enlightening views of the Jinnah/Nehru/Gandhi struggle, the I.N.A., the Naval Mutiny, the liberation of Bangladesh, and the influence of the English language press.
  • K. Mullan (5)

    Born in Ireland in 1906, Mrs. Mullan talks about her life as the wife of an I.C.S. official in Shillong, about 'dustoor', Anglo-India and the social lisfe of the Raj.
  • D. Naik (1)

    D. Naik, Gandhi disciple, talks about his uplift/welfare work for the Scheduled Castes and Tribes all over India but particularly in the Panchmahals, the Assam earthquake, famine relief, and cooperative movements.
  • R. Naik (1)

    R. Naik, teacher, freedom fighter, personal secretary, editor, talks about the Satyagraha and Quit India movements, working for Morarji Desai in office, and the publication of Gandhi's collected works in regional languages.
  • C.K. Nair (4)

    C.K. Nair, politician/Gandhi disciple, talks of the Narela Satyagrahi training Ashram, the Dandi March, his wide jail experiences, his pilgrimage with Gandhi's ashes, and his post-Independence activities.
  • J.P. Narayan (2)

    J.P. Narayan, politician/author, talks of Marxist Socialism, his early contacts with Gandhi, and describes in detail his escape from Hazaribagh Central prison and again in the Nepal Terai.
  • S. Narayan (3)

    S. Narayan, politician and author, explains the rationale behind many of the social, educational, political and economic developments of the years before and after Independence, and describes his contributions to some of them.
  • C.K. Narayanswami (4)

    C.K. Narayanswami, a noted journalist, describes the freedom struggle in the Bombay area.
  • G.B. Nawalkar (2)

    G.B. Nawalkar, businessman with a wide portfolio of responsibilities, gives his view of Gandhi's call for the salvation of India, with particular emphasis on the reasons for the rise and fall of the Patri-Sarkar element of the Quit India Movement.
  • G.P. Nene (2)

    G.P. Nene, popularizer of Hindi as the lingua franca of India, talks about the controversy over the question of the use of Hindi or Hindustani as the National Language of India.
  • J.E.L. Newbigin (2)

    Interview with Lesslie Newbigin, Bishop of Madura (Madurai) and Ramnad (Ramanathapuram), Church of South India, 1947-1959; Bishop of Madras, 1965-1974
  • N.K. Nigam (2)

    N.K. Nigam, Hindu College lecturer, politician, author, talks at length of the revolutionary Hindustan Socialist Republican Association and its modus operandi and briefly of the Delhi Conspiracy Case, jail experiences, and Congress.
  • Kamala V. Nimbkar (1)

    Mrs. Kamala V. Nimbkar, an American by birth, was a pioneer in the rehabilitation of the disabled in India.
  • V.R. Nimbkar (1)

    V.R. Nimbkar, engineer of note in the machine tool industry, was trained in the U.S.A. His engineering skills were invaluable to the sabotage volunteers during the Quit India movement.
  • I.M.S. Oza (1)

    Involved with Vile Parle, the Satyagraha and Quit India campaigns, Indravadan Oza has, since 1947, been involved with urban/suburban constructive activities in Bombay.
  • D.N. Pai (2)

    Kashivedi Panchal, 80-year-old freedom fighter/wife of school teacher, speaks briefly of her experience with the Freedom Movement in the early days.
  • C.L. Paliwal (2)

    C.L. Paliwal, lawyer/politician, talks of the freedom movement around Delhi during the 1930s and 1940s, Gandhi's daily routine, life in jail and in college, hiding in Jaisalmer State, and the Hindu/Muslim conflict, especially the post-1947 riots.
  • K. Panchal (1)

    Kashivedi Panchal, 80-year-old freedom fighter/wife of school teacher, speaks briefly of her experience with the Freedom Movement in the early days.
  • Y. Parekh (1)

    Y. Parekh, social worker, talks of education, the way of life in the Koraput and Surat districts, and measures being taken to improve the quality of life there.
  • R. Parikh (2)

  • I. Patel (1)

    I. Patel, Vice-Chancellor of Gujarat University in Ahmedabad, talks of his experiences and perceptions of the Freedom Fight and the impact of Gandhi's teachings two decades on, both in Gujarat and the rest of India.
  • J.P. Patel (1)

    J.P. Patel, journalist, editor 'Parsiana', portrays Gandhi with anecdotes of Juhu, the Bombay dock explosion, a breakfast incident, a religious service, Nature-Cure, and a motor-car breakdown incident.
  • M.R. Patel (1)

    M.R. Patel, Chairman of the Gujarat State Cooperative Bank in Ahmedabad, talks of the Congress people with whom he worked on agricultural reform and in developing the Cooperative Movement.
  • R.K. Patil (1)

    R.K. Patil, ICS/politician, talks of his career in I.C.S. and the Madhya Pradesh government, and how he earned reputations for resignations, non-violence, and stubbornness regarding official languages.
  • P.B. Patwari (1)

    P.B. Patwari, legal advocate, talks briefly about Satyagraha and his other Freedom activities, his legal defences, and his social and constructive work, and drought, famine and flood disaster relief with R.S. Maharaj.
  • Lady R. Pawsey, Mrs. K. Mullan and Mrs. Pengree (1)

    A group interview giving the perspectives of the wives of two I.C.S. official and one tea planter.
  • C.J. Pelly (3)

    Very wide-ranging discussion of life in the Indian Civil and Political Services, and observations of India in general.
  • K.N. Phadke (1)

    K.N. Phadke, Congressman, Communist and Trades Union pioneer, describes the Communist Party's policy errors during the Freedom Fight.
  • N.R. Phatak (3)

    Dr. N.R. Phatak, Marathi scholar, journalist, historian, gives his account of the Freedom Movement of India.
  • I. Portal (2)

    Mrs. Iris Portal gives an account of her childhood in India (1905-1911) and later (1922-1942) as an Indian Army wife. Particularly strong on Memsahibs' motivations and restrictions.
  • G.S. Potdar (1)

    G.S. Potdar, journalist and screen-play writer, describes his and other leaders' involvement in the Hindustan Socialist Republican Army
  • A.N. Powell (2)

    Owner of the Lakhnauti Fort, on the Yamuna (Jumna) River, some 80 miles north of Delhi, talking to Major F.W. Rawding, 20-11-73
  • K.G. Prabhu (1)

    K.G. Prabhu, sports/small-arms businessman, talks of his and his wife’s Freedom Movement underground activities, of his emergencies relief work, and their sports and rifle training/instructor activities for 'defence consciousness'.
  • G.P. Pradhan (2)

    G.P. Pradhan, Fergusson College (Poona) lecturer and Praja Socialist, describes his introduction to the Congress Socialist Party and his connection with the Freedom Movement.
  • Q.R. Qureshi (2)

    G.R. Qureshi, librarian and Gandhi follower, describes organising the Dandi march, gives his view of the salt episode, Quit India, and as a Nationalist Muslim, the conflict with the Muslim League and constructive activities after 1947.
  • H.N. Ramchandani (1)

    H.N. Ramchandani, advocate, describes some of the pressures put on Hindus, by Muslims, to leave Pakistan (Sindh) at the time of Partition.
  • General Kshatra Bikram Rana (2)

    Home Secretary and Private Secretary to the King of Nepal, General Rana give a history of Nepal and history of his own part in Nepalese Government affairs, as well as accounts of his time commanding roops in World War Two and his activities in the revolutionary Independence Movement in Nepal after the War.
  • G.R. Rao (1)

    'Gora' (G.R. Rao), atheist author, elaborates on some of the observations and arguments put forward in his book 'An Atheist With Gandhi', describing Godliness and Godlessness and their common aim of removing caste and untouchability.
  • M. Ravenscroft (2)

    Mrs. Ravenscroft was an Army officer's daughter. She tells a rather unusual story, spanning more than a century, from her great grandfather going out in 1802, to her final home-coming in 1917.
  • A.S. Robertson (12)

    A very interesting and detailed account of many aspects of the life and work of a tea planter. Travancore State, Calcutta, Darjeeling, N.W.F.P.
  • F.V. Rodrigues (1)

    Mr. Felix Valois Rodrigues, journalist, tells of the Goan freedom struggle from 1946, when he set up a branch of the Goa Youth League in Karachi, his jail experiences, and the prime movers towards liberation at the end of 1961
  • E. Ross (2)

    Mrs. Eve Ross, speaking to Mary Thatcher about her nursing experiences in United Provinces, 1941-1946.
  • J.N. Sahni (8)

    J.N. Sahni, journalist/politician, remembers the political awakening of Indian youth post-1900, fake salt after Dandi, the I.N.C., 1930s politics, Quit India, Freedom leaders, English/vernacular newspapers, and Indian attitudes pre/post Independence.
  • C.Sarkar (2)

    C. Sarkar, journalist, broadcaster, author, tells of how he got into Dacca in mid-December 1971, gives an eye witness account of the atmosphere there, and describes Begum Mujib's extraordinary liberation.
  • S.M.Y. Sastri (1)

    S.M.Y. Sastri, Bombay Municipal Commissioner, talks of his political awakening, violence vs. non-violence, linguistic States, the rise of the Samyukta Maharashtra Samiti, and the associated agitation.
  • B. Saubolle (4)

    Interview with Fr. Bertrand Saubolle of the Society of Jesus at Godavari School, Kathmandu.
  • K. Sayani (2)

    Mrs. Kulsum Sayani tells of her work in adult literacy and social work, especially among purdah women, and in the Hindustani Prachar Sabha.
  • Col. Scotland (1)

    Colonel Scotland (Indian Army) talks about a very few of his army experiences, and conditions in Lahore during Partition.
  • S. Sen Gupta (2)

    Sen Gupta, I.N.A., talks of Chandra Bose and of his Secret Service activities in the I.N.A.'s fight to help secure India's freedom - action described includes India, Burma, Thailand, Malaya, Japan.
  • V. Shah (3)

    V. Shah, politician, describes the early days of freedom movement recruitment, life in jail, the people's struggle in Kathiawar, constructive activities, his work as a Gujarat government minister, and Indian attitudes to the British.
  • P. Sharma (1)

    P. Sharma, Congress leader/literary figure, talks briefly about the part he played in the Freedom Struggle, lists many leading figures, and tells of Subhas Chandra Bose's temple visit before escaping the country.
  • B.V.. Shikhare (1)

    B.V. (Tatya) Shikhare, veteran Congress worker, talks about the struggle for responsible government in the Deccan States.
  • D.N. Shikhare (1)

    D.N. Shikhare, Marathi biographer, describes interviews he had at various times with Gandhi, Prasad, and Nehru.
  • L.M. Shrikant (2)

    L.M. Shrikant, Congressman, describes his participation in the various Freedom Movement activities and his constructive work for the Scheduled Castes and Tribes, especially the Bhil tribals of Panchmahals.
  • H.R. Sikka (1)

    H.R. Sikka, veteran freedom fighter, very briefly describes joining the freedom movement, rigorous imprisonment in Lahore, Jhang and Multan jails, life as a badmaash, and his subsequent career.
  • D. Singh (2)

    D. Singh, politician, talks of his connections with the freedom movement in the Delhi area, his underground work, communal tensions, refugee problems and attitudes towards them, Meo Muslims, his political career, and rural reconstruction.
  • J.B. Singh (11)

    Singh, journalist/politician, talks of Maulana Ali, Lajpat Rai, Bhagat Singh, his newspapers and journalism, Lahore, political intrigues, Muslim-Hindu conflict, refugee migration, Kashmir, decline of Congress, Indira Gandhi, and Rashid and Shraddhanand.
  • K. Singh (1)

    K. Singh, Sikh lawyer/teacher from Lahore, gives his views of Partition massacres, in Lahore and Delhi, involving Muslims, Sikhs and Hindus.
  • Y. Singh (2)

    Dr. Y. Singh, newspaper editor/Congressman, describes the political scene in Delhi in the 1920s and 1930s, the havoc after Partition, and the subsequent refugee rehabilitation, resettlement colonies, and small industries.
  • K. Sinhji (1)

    K. Sinhji, Minister of Law, talks very briefly of joining the revolutionary activities in 1941, plans to escape jail thwarted by an informer, being spared beatings, and his father escaping Allahabad with Chandrashekhar Azad.
  • I. STEPHENS, A. RAHMAN, F. SAIYYID, S. ZAHID AND G. RIZVI (5)

    In two separate recording sessions, Ian Stephens, Atta-ur Rahman, Faisal Sayyid, Shahid Zahid, Gowher Rizvi discuss the 'Pakistan Calamity'.
  • A. Steward (1)

    Miss Alice Steward (supported by a friend) describes her life as a Christian Missionary Society missionary, working among outcastes in the villages of Meerut District (1908-1958).
  • E. Stewart (2)

    Sister Ella Stewart, of the Society of Catholic Medical Missionaries, talks of her experiences in East Bengal [East Pakistan, [Bangladesh]], especially Barisal and the Sundarban district.
  • Stocks (1)

    Mrs. Stocks, the wife of a Burmah Oil executive, describes her life in the Irrawaddy's Nyaunghla/Pakokku/Magwe area of Burma (1928-1942), the evacuation, and her husband's long trek out with General Alexander.
  • C. Stracey (1)

    Cyril Stracey, Anglo-Indian, Indian Foreign Service (retd.) and Indian National Army. Interviewed by Maj. F.W. Rawding, Coonor, The Nilgiris, 21-12-73.
  • E. Stracey (1)

    Eric Stracey, Inspector General of Police, Tamil Nadu, talks about life as a police officer.
  • R. Stracey (1)

    Ralph Stracey talks about his life working for the I.C.S. and Imperial Tobacco and his role as co-founder of a small school for Anglo-Indians in Bangalore.
  • H.G. Stuart (2)

    Conversation between Miss H. G. Stuart and Miss Mary Thatcher, recorded January, 1971. Miss Stuart was Chief Inspectress of Girls' Schools in the United Provinces, from 1908-1935
  • M.M. Stuart (3)

    Michael Moncrieff Stuart, CIE, OBE joined the Indian Civil Service in 1927. He served as District Magistrate, mostly in West Bengal; during the war, he was in Chittagong, and finally in Dacca, as Commissioner.
  • Mr. J. and Mrs. K. Stubbs (4)

    John Stubbs, a former I.C.S. official, and his wife, Kay, interviewed by Professors deCaro and Jordan in 1978.
  • M. Sykes (2)

    Marjorie Sykes, educationist, author, talks of why she went to South India, the relative influences on her by her father and by Gandhi, Tagore's Shantiniketan, Nagas, education and Nai Talim, and ecological farming.
  • J. Thakore (2)

    J. Thakore, politician/nature-cure doctor, talks of the Satyagraha campaigns (Banar Sena), the Quit India struggle (Raj Droha), jail conditions (andheri and banao), the labour movement in Ahmedabad, and the Japanese bombardment of Bengal.
  • M. Thatcher (1)

    Mary Thatcher was the first archivist at the Centre of South Asian Studies. Here she talks about the foundation of the archive and the ways in which she oversaw its growth, including details of the origins of this oral history collection.
  • Tupthen Thendu (1)

    A buddhist monk gives details of his life. Much of this interview is in Nepali, although a translation of the transcript is provided.
  • S.R. Tikekar (1)

    S.R. Tikekar, a free-lance journalist, author and literary critic, describes the Dandi March, the Jungle Satyagraha, his conversations with Gandhi in Yerwada jail, and his visits to Iraq, Iran and Burma.
  • N. Tiwari (1)

    N. Tiwari, revolutionary, describes his part in the surrender of the Thakur Singh's fort at Jhaknawad (nr. Sardarpur) during the formation of Madhya Bharat.
  • H.L. Townsend (2)

    H.L. Townsend, Honorary secretary of the Nilgiri library in Ootacamund, interviewed by Major F.W. Rawding.
  • S.R. Tuladhar (1)

    Sri Sarba Ratna Tuladhar recounts his early life and talks of the panchayat system. The interview is in Nepali, and is followed by a discussion. Both parts are then translated by Major Rawding.
  • E.L. Turner (2)

    E.L. Turner gives comments on British civilian life in India, 1920-1946: social conditions; riots and their control; Gandhi; Anglo-Indians, as well as his views on the state of the printing industry in India in the 1920s.
  • Tyler (2)

    Mrs Tyler, housekeeper and Lady's Maid to Lady Lumley, 1939-43, in conversation with Mrs [M.M.?] Stuart. Mrs. Tyler is the wife of the Mr. Tyler, the subject of (049 - below).
  • T. Tyler (1)

    Ted Tyler, bandsman in the band of the governor of Bombay, and other military bands, tells of his career and travels.
  • K. Ugra (1)

    K. Ugra, engineer/trade-unionist, only 12 years old in 1940, briefly describes his bomb making at Ramkrishan Mill and his associations with Congress Socialists and trades unions.
  • M. Underhill (1)

    A few recollections of Michael Underhill's impressions of India, as told to deCaro and Jordan during a visit to his home.
  • K. Vaidya (3)

    K. Vaidya, journalist/politician, describes his view of the fight for control of Madhya Pradesh between Maharajahs, Dewans, Political Agents, the police, the British and the Freedom Fighters.
  • S.S. Varde (3)

    Prof. S.S. Varde, Professor of Economics, Bandra National College, Bombay, talks about the political scene in Maharashtra in the 1940s.
  • D. Vira (5)

    D. Vira, ICS/ambassador, talks of mixed loyalties, social segregation, Czechoslovakia, refugee rehabilitation, Punjab Partition, Bengal Constitutional crisis, President's Rule - Bengal and Mysore, and the effects of British rule.
  • J. Walmesley (2)

    James Walmesley gives a detailed account of his career in the I.C.S., in Bihar and Calcutta, 1937-1947.
  • Mr. H. and Mrs. E. Williams (2)

    Harry Williams and his wife, Eileen, give an account of Salvation Army work in India, from the declaration of war until 1970.
  • F.R. Willis (1)

    Mary Thatcher talks to F.R. Willis of the Anglican Mission in Chota Nagpur, 1928-1951, and then Bishop of Delhi for 15 years.
  • S.B. Yajee (2)

    S.B. Yajee, politician, tells of his early involvement with the INA, claims Bose to be the greatest revolutionary ever, the forming of the Congress Socialist Party, describes Bose and Saraswati, and their fights with the Congress Party.